at_data: Documentation on the atomic reference data

Package: nebular

References

The atomic data for hydrogen were taken from Brocklehurst (1970, 1971); in particular, we adopt an empirical formula from Aller (1984) for the H-beta line emissivity. The other atomic data were taken from the following references:

Table 1. References for Recent Atomic Data

-----------------------------------------
  Ion       Parameters            Source
-----------------------------------------
  C I      Energy levels:
             5 levels              B60
             6th level             NS84
           Trans. probabilities    FS85
           Coll. strengths:
             2-1, 3-1, 3-2         JBK87
             all other             PA76
-----------------------------------------
  C II     Energy levels:
             2nd level             KS86
             6,7,8th levels        NS81
             all other             WL95
           Trans. probabilities:
             2-1, 4-3, 5-3, 5-4    NS81
             all other             F94
           Coll. strengths         BP92
_________________________________________
  C III    Energy levels           BK92
           Trans. probabilities:
             4-2                   G83
             3-2                   NS78
             all other             WFD96
           Coll. strengths         BBDK85
_________________________________________
  N I      Energy levels:
             2 & 3 levels          B60
             4 & 5 levels          KS86
             6,7,8th levels        F75
           Trans. probabilities:
             5-4                   KS86
             all other             WFD96
           Coll. strengths:
             4,5th levels          PA76
             all other             DMR76
_________________________________________
  N II     Energy levels:
             5 levels              B60
             6-2                   WL95
           Trans. probabilities    WFD96
           Coll. strengths         LB94
_________________________________________
  N III    Energy levels:
             5 levels              BFJ95
             6,7,8th levels        BP92
           Trans. probabilities:
             2-1                   F83
             all other             BFJ95
           Coll. strengths         BP92
_________________________________________
  N IV     Energy levels           M49
           Trans. probabilities:
             3-2                   NS79
             4-2                   G83
             all other             WFD96
           Coll. strengths         RBHB93
_________________________________________
  O I      Energy levels           B60
           Trans. probabilities    WFD96
           Coll. strengths         BK95
_________________________________________
  O II     Energy levels:
             2 & 3 levels          B60
             4 & 5 levels          KS86
             6,7,8th levels        F75
           Trans. probabilities    WFD96
           Coll. strengths:
             3-2, 5-4              P76
             all other             MB93
_________________________________________
  O III    Energy levels:
             5 levels              B60
             6-2                   M85
           Trans. probabilities    WFD96
           Coll. strengths         LB94
_________________________________________
  O IV     Energy levels:
             5 levels              BJB96
             6,7,8th levels        BP92
           Trans. probabilities:
             2-1                   KS86
             5-4                   WL95
             all other             BJB96
           Coll. strengths         BP92
_________________________________________
  O V      Energy levels:
             2,4,5th levels        BJ68
             3rd level             B80
           Trans. probabilities:
             3-1, 5-1              H80
             all other             NS79
           Coll. strengths         BBDK85
_________________________________________
  Ne II    Energy levels           E83
           Trans. probabilities:
             2-1                   BBB06
           Coll. strengths         GMB01
_________________________________________
  Ne III   Energy levels           B60
           Trans. probabilities:
             3-1, 4-3, 5-1         M83
             all other             KS86
           Coll. strengths         BZ94
_________________________________________
  Ne IV    Energy levels           M71
           Trans. probabilities:
             5 levels              BBZ89
             all other             BK88
           Coll. strengths         G81
_________________________________________
  Ne V     Energy values:
             5 levels              B60
             6-2                   M83
           Trans. probabilities:
             6-2, 6-3              KS86
             6-4                   BD93
           Coll. strengths         LN94
_________________________________________
  Ne VI    Energy levels:
             2nd level             KS86
             all others            MVGK95
           Trans. probabilities:
             2-1                   KS86
             all other             MVGK95
           Coll. strengths         ZGP94
_________________________________________
  Na IV    Energy levels           B60
           Trans. probabilities:
             3-1, 4-3, 5-1         M83
             all other             KS86
           Coll. strengths         BZ94
_________________________________________
  Na VI    Energy levels           B60
           Trans. probabilities:
             3-1, 4-1, 5-3         NR79
             all other             KS86
           Coll. strengths         LB94
_________________________________________
  Mg V     Energy levels           B60
           Trans. probabilities:
             3-1, 4-3, 5-1         M83
             all other             KS86
           Coll. strengths         BZ94
_________________________________________
  Mg VII   Energy levels:
             5 levels              B60
             6th level             BD95
           Trans. probabilities    BD95
           Coll. strengths         LB94
_________________________________________
  Al II    Energy levels           MZ79
           Trans. probabilities:
             3-1                   JSP86
             3-2, 4th levels       HK87
             5-1                   VVF96
             5-2, 5-3, 5-4         KS86
           Coll. strengths:
             3-2, 4-2, 4-3         KHAF92
             5-1                   TBK85
             all other             TBK84
_________________________________________
  Si II    Energy levels:
             5 levels              DKH91
             6,7th levels          BL93
             8th level             N77
           Trans. probabilities:
             3-2, 4-2, 5-2         CSB93
             6-1, 6-2, 7-2         BL93
             8-1, 8-2              L94
             all other             N77
           Coll. strengths         DK91
_________________________________________
  Si III   Energy levels           WL95
           Trans. probabilities:
             3-1                   OKH88
             4-1, 4-2              M83
             5-1                   FW90
             all other             KS86
           Coll. strengths         DK94
_________________________________________
  S II     Energy levels:
             5 levels              B60
             6,7 8th levels        VVF96
           Trans. probabilities:
             6-1, 7-1, 8-1         VVF96
             all other             KHOC93
           Coll. strengths         RBS96
_________________________________________
  S III    Energy levels           B60
           Trans. probabilities:
             3-1, 4-1, 5-3, 5-4    MZ82b
             6-2, 6-3              HSC95
             6-4                   LL93
             all other             KS86
           Coll. strengths         GMZ95
_________________________________________
  S IV     Energy levels           BDF80
           Trans. probabilities:
             2-1                   JKD86
             3,4,5th levels        DHKD82
             6-1, 6-2, 7-2
             8-1, 8-2              VVF96
           Coll. strengths         DHKD82
_________________________________________
  Cl III   Energy levels           B60
           Trans. probabilities:
             4-3                   M83
             all other             KS86
           Coll. strengths         BZ89
_________________________________________
  Cl IV    Energy levels:
             5 levels              B60
             6th level             H85
           Trans. probabilities:
             3-1, 4-1, 5-3         MZ82b
             6-2, 6-3              EM84
             all other             KS86
           Coll. strengths         GMZ95
_________________________________________
  Ar II    Energy levels           BBB06
           Trans. probabilities:
             2-1                   BBB06
           Coll. strengths         PB95
_________________________________________
  Ar III   Energy levels           B60
           Trans. probabilities:
             3-1, 4-3, 5-1         M83
             all other             KS86
           Coll. strengths         GMZ95
_________________________________________
  Ar IV    Energy levels           B60
           Trans. probabilities:
             4-3                   MZ82a
             all other             KS86
           Coll. strengths         ZBL87
_________________________________________
  Ar V     Energy levels
             5 levels              B60
             6th level             H85
           Trans. probabilities:
             3-1, 4-1, 5-3         MZ82b
             6th level             LL93
             all other             KS86
           Coll. strengths         GMZ95
_________________________________________
  K IV     Energy levels           B60
           Trans. probabilities:
             3-1, 4-3, 5-1         M83
             all other             KS86
           Coll. strengths         GMZ95
_________________________________________
  K V      Energy levels           B60
           Trans. probabilities:
             4-3                   M83
             all other             KS86
           Coll. strengths         BZL88
_________________________________________
  Ca V     Energy levels           B60
           Trans. probabilities:
             3-1, 4-3, 5-1         M83
             all other             KS86
           Coll. strengths         GMZ95
_________________________________________
                        LITERATURE CITED

Aller, 1984, "Physics of Thermal Gaseous Nebulae"
        (Dordrecht:D. Reidel)
Prevot, Lequeux, Maurice, Prevot & Rocca-Volmerange, 1984, A&A, 132, 389

REFERENCES TO ATOMIC DATA:

(BBB06) Badnell, et al. 2006, in IAUS 234, 211
(BBZ89) Becker, Butler & Zeippen 1989, A&A, 221, 375
(BL93)  Bergeson & Lawler 1993, ApJ, 414, L137
(BBDK85) Berrington, Burke, Dufton & Kingston 1985, ADNDT, 33, 195
(BDF80) Bhatia, Doschek & Feldman 1980, A&A, 86, 32
(BD93) Bhatia & Doschek 1993, ADNDT, 55, 315
(BD95) Bhatia & Doschek 1995, ADNDT, 60, 145
(BK88) Bhatia & Kastner 1988, ApJ, 332, 1063
(BK92) Bhatia & Kastner 1992, ApJ, 408, 744
(BK95) Bhatia & Kastner 1995, ApJS, 96, 325
(BP92) Blum & Pradhan 1992, ApJS, 80 425
(BJ68) Bockasten & Johanssen 1968, Arkiv Fysik, 38, 563
(B60) Bowen, 1960 ApJ, 132, 1
(BFJ95) Brage, Froese-Fischer & Judge 1995, ApJ, 445, 457
(BJB96) Brage, Judge & Brekke 1996, ApJ 464, 1030
(BR70) Brocklehurst 1970, MNRAS, 148, 417
(BR71) Brocklehurst 1971, MNRAS, 153, 471
(B80) Brown 1980, A&A, 88, 273
(BZ89) Butler & Zeippen 1989, A&A, 208, 337
(BZ94) Butler & Zeippen 1994, A&AS, 108, 1
(BZL88) Butler, Zeippen & Le Bourlot, 1988, A&A, 203, 189
(CSB93) Calamai, Smith & Bergeson 1993, ApJ, 415, L59
(DMR76) Dopita, Mason & Robb 1976, ApJ, 207, 102
(DHKD82) Dufton, Hibbert, Kingston & Doschek 1982, ApJ, 257, 338
(DK91) Dufton & Kingston 1991, MNRAS, 248, 827
(DKH91) Dufton, Keenan, Hibbert, Stafford, Byrne & Agnew 1991, MNRAS, 253, 474
(DK94) Dufton & Kingston 1994, ADNDT, 57, 273
(E83) Edlen 1983, PhyS, 28, 51
(EM84) Ellis & Martinson 1984, Phys. Scr., 30, 255
(F75) Fawcett 1975, ADNDT, 16, 135
(F83) Froese-Fischer 1983, J. Phys. B, 16, 157
(FS85) Froese-Fischer & Saha, 1985, Phys. Scr., 32, 181
(F94) Froese-Fischer 1994, Phys. Scr., 49, 323
(FW90) Fuhr & Wiese 1990, CRC, 71st Edition
(GMZ95) Galavis, Mendoza & Zeippen 1995, A&A Supp., 111, 347
(G81) Giles 1981, MNRAS, 195, 5P
(G83) Glass 1983, Astrophy. Space Sci., 92, 307
(GMB01) Griffin, Mitnik, & Badnell 2001, JPhB, 34, 4401
(HSC95) Heise Smith & Calamai, 1995, ApJ, 451, L41
(G80) Hibbert 1980, J Phys B, 13, 1721
(HK87) Hibbert & Keenan, 1987, J. Phys. B, 20, 4693
(H85) Huang 1985, ADNDT, 32, 503
(JKD86) Johnson, Kingston & Dufton 1986, MNRAS, 220, 155
(JSP86) Johnson, Smith & Parkinson 1986, ApJ, 308, 1013
(JBK87) Johnson, Burke & Kingston 1987, J Phys B, 20, 2553
(KS86) Kaufman & Sugar 1986, JPCRD, 15, 321
(KHAF92) Keenan, Harra, Agarwal & Feibelman 1992, ApJ, 385, 375
(KHOC93) Keenan, Hibbert Ojha & Caylon 1993, Phys. Scr., 48, 129
(LL93) LaJohn & Luke 1993, Phys. Scr., 47, 542
(L94) Lanzafame, 1994 A&A, 287, 972
(LB94) Lennon & Burke 1994, A&AS, 103, 273
(MZ79) Martin & Zalubas 1979, JPCRD, 8, 3
(MB93) McLaughlin & Bell 1993, ApJ, 408, 753
(MZ82) Mendoza & Zeippen 1982, MNRAS, 198,127
(MZ82) Mendoza & Zeippen 1982, MNRAS, 199, 1025
(M83) Mendoza 1983, "Planetary Nebulae", 143
(MVGK95) Merkelis, Vilkas, Gaigalas & Kisielius 1995, Phys. Scr., 51, 233
(M49) Moore 1949, NBS Circ., 467
(M71) Moore 1971, "Atomic Energy Levels", Vol. 1
(M85) Moore 1985, "Selected Tables of Atomic Spectra"
(M77) Nussbaumer 1977, A&A, 58, 291
(NR79) Nussbaumer & Rusca 1979, A&A, 72, 129
(NS78) Nussbaumer & Storey 1978, A&A, 64, 139
(NS79) Nussbaumer & Storey 1979, A&A, 74, 244
(NS81) Nussbaumer & Storey 1981, A&A, 96, 91
(NS84) Nussbaumer & Storey 1984, A&A, 140, 383
(OKH88) Ojha, Keenan & Hibbert 1988, JPhys. B, 21, L395
(PA76) Pequignot & Aldrovandi 1976, A&A, 50, 141
(P76) Pradhan 1976, MNRAS, 177, 31
(PB95) Pelan & Berrington 1995, A&AS, 110, 209
(RBHB93) Ramsbotton, Berrington, Hibbert & Bell 1993, Phys Scr., 50,
(RBS96) Ramsbottom, Bell & Stafford 1996, ADNDT, 63, 57
(Sh94) Shirai, Sugar, & Musgrove 1999, private comm.
(SMZ84) Smith, Magnusson & Zetterberg, 1984, ApJ, 277, L79
(TBK84) Tayal, Burke & Kingston 1984, J Phys B, 17, 3847
(TBK85) Tayal, Burke & Kingston 1985, J Phys B, 18, 4321
(VVF96) Verner D.A., Verner E.M. & Ferland 1996, ADNDT, 64, 1
(WFD96) Wiese, Fuhr & Deters 1996, JPCRD, Monograph 7
(WL95) Williams & Livio 1995, Proc. of STScI No. 8, 24
(ZBL87) Zeippen, Butler & Le Bourlot 1987, A&A, 188, 251
(ZGP94) Zhang, Graziani & Pradhan 1994, A&A, 283, 319

See also

Type "help nebular opt=sys" for a general description of the tasks in the `nebular' package.